相關學習障礙網站
How are the Learning disabilities diagnosis
https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/learning/conditioninfo/pages/diagnosed.aspx
National center for Learning Disabilities
http://www.ncld.org
Learning disability on line
http://www.ldonline.org/indepth/evaluation
Learning disability of America Ass.
http://ldaamerica.org/types-of-learning-disabilities/
Help learning disabilities guide
http://www.helpguide.org/home-pages/learning-disabilities.htm
評估學習障礙
http://wwlp.com/2015/03/25/evaluations-for-learning-disabilities/http://www.ldonline.org/indepth/evaluation
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504 Plan
A 504 plan is a legal document that outlines a plan of instructional services for students in the general education setting. Students with ADHD often have a 504 plan. While not an IEP, the document usually describes the types of accommodations that will be made for a student in school. This section contains articles that provide helpful information about 504s and various types
-Each public school child who receives special education and related services must have an Individualized Education Program (IEP). The IEP creates an opportunity for http: eachers, parents, school administrators, related services personnel, and students (when appropriate) to work together to improve educational results for children with disabilities. This section includes articles about how to create a useful IEP, understanding the IEP process, and the importance of good communication.
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Knowing Your Child's RightsBy: National Center for Learning Disabilities (NCLD)
Your child has the right to a free and appropriate public school education. Getting involved in his or her education is among the most important things you can do as your child's advocate. As you'll see below, you have a right to be a part of every decision regarding your child's education, including the process of finding out if your child needs special services. You know your child best, and your input should be considered at every opportunity.
In order to make sure that your child with learning disabilities gets the help he or she needs throughout his or her school career, you should familiarize yourself with the rights you have as your child's advocate. These rights are federally mandated by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).
Your child's rights in determining eligibility for special education and related services:
- You have the right to request in writing that your child be evaluated to determine if he or she is eligible for special education and related services. This evaluation is more than just a single test. The school must gather information from you, your child's teacher and others who would be helpful. An assessment of your child must then be conducted in all the areas that may be affected by the suspected disability.
- If the public school agrees that your child may have a learning disability and may need special help, the school must evaluate your child at no cost to you.
- Teachers or other professionals can recommend that your child be evaluated, but the school must get your explicit written consent before any part of the evaluation is started.
- If the public school system refuses to give your child an evaluation, they must explain in writing the reasons for refusal, and must also provide information about how you can challenge their decision.
- All tests and interviews must be conducted in your child's native language. The evaluation process cannot discriminate against your child because he or she is not a native English speaker, has a disability or is from a different racial or cultural background.
- Your child cannot be determined eligible for special education services only because of limited English proficiency or because of lack of instruction in reading or math.
- You have the right to be a part of the evaluation team that decides what information is needed to determine whether your child is eligible.
- You have the right to a copy of all evaluation reports and paperwork related to your child.
- You have the right to obtain an Independent Education Evaluation from a qualified professional and challenge the findings of the school evaluation team.
- You have the right for your child’s evaluation to be completed within a specific timeframe. Some states have set a limit. For states who had no limit, as of July 1, 2005 , the evaluation must be completed within 60 days of your written consent.
- You and your child have the right to attend and participate in a meeting to design an Individualized Education Program (IEP) which must be held within 30 days of your child being found eligible for special education services. An IEP should set reasonable learning goals for your child and state the services that the school district will provide.
- You and your child have the right to participate in the development of the IEP, along with a team that will include: your child's teachers, a representative from the school administration who is qualified to recommend and supervise special programs and services as well as representatives from other agencies that may be involved in your child's transition services (if your child is age 16 or older). You can also request an advisor to help you better understand your rights and responsibilities as a parent, and request that this person be present.
- Your child has a right to the least restrictive environment possible. Unless members of the IEP team can justify removal from the general education classroom, your child should receive instruction and support with classmates that do not have disabilities. Also be sure that special education services or supports are available to help your child participate in extracurricular activities such as clubs and sports.
- During an IEP meeting, the IEP team will develop goals for any related services, such as occupational therapy, which could help your child. Be sure the team specifies how often and for how long these services will be provided as well as in what setting the services will be provided. This team will also identify behavioral strategies to support your child's learning in school and at home.
- Be sure to discuss what kind of assistive technology devices - such as speech recognition software, electronic organizers or books on tape - could help your child. Assistive technology services include evaluating your child for specific devices, providing the device and training your child to use the device.
- You have the right to challenge the school's decisions concerning your child. If you disagree with a decision that's been made, discuss it with the school and see if an agreement can be reached. If all efforts don't work, IDEA provides other means of protection for parents and children under the law. These other ways of settling your dispute allow parents and school personnel to resolve disagreements. Options include mediation with an impartial third person, a due process hearing or a formal hearing in a court of law.
- An IEP meeting must be held once a year and comprehensive re-evaluation must be done every three years, unless the IEP team agrees that it is not necessary. However, you may request an IEP meeting at any time.
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Who Can Diagnose LD and/or ADHD?
http://drc.calpoly.edu/content/eligibility/whoCanDiagnose 資料來源
Many professionals are involved in the diagnosis of LD. They include psychologists, educational specialists, and other professionals who work in specialized fields such as speech and language. This table explains the role of some of the professionals who provide services. Recall that many of these professionals can suspect LD and/or ADHD but all are not licensed, or have the needed certifications to diagnose the disorders. It is always important to ask the professional about his/her credentials. When you go to a person in a private practice, not in the school system, it is important to determine if the professional has the needed license to be in private practice and to make the diagnosis of LD and/or ADHD.
Community CliniciansStudents seeking assessment for a learning disability may contact one of our local community clinicians.
Professionals and Diagnosis
This table lists professionals and whether they are able to diagnose a Learning Disability or ADHD. (source: www.LDonline.org)PROFESSIONALROLE OF PROFESSIONALLICENSURECAN THEY DIAGNOSE LD AND/OR ADHD?Clinical PsychologistProvides assessment of intellectual and emotional functioning. Provides therapy for emotional and behavioral problems for individuals and groups. In general, does not do educational testing needed to diagnose LD.PH.D. and licensure required in most states for private practice.LD- Yes, either by doing complete psycho/educational assessment or by including educational assessment of educational specialist. ADHD- Yes. Cannot prescribe medication for ADHD.School PsychologistProvides assessment of learning and school related problems. Provides therapy that relates to emotional and behavioral problems evolving from school distress. Trained primarily to do both intellectual and educational testing. Can also assess emotional functioning. Usually practice in public school systems. Increasingly in private practice as well.Ph.D. or MA Licensure in most states if in private practice. School certification within school systems.LD- Yes. ADHD- No, in general, in schools. This is a medical condition.* Yes, with training, if private practice. Cannot prescribe medication for ADHD.Educational PsychologistProvides educational testing. Some trained to provide assessment of cognitive, intellectual functioning as well. Important question since test companies define a Level C test which is to be administered by a PhD-trained psychologist or a professional whose training has been approved by the company who produces the test. Many tests of intellectual functioning are Level C tests. Not, in general, trained to assess emotional functioning.Ph.D. or MA Licensure if in private practice.LD- Yes, if qualified to do assessment of intellectual functioning or if uses results of assessment done by PhD level psychologist or trained school psychologist. ADHD- Can offer guidance.* Depends on level of training. Cannot prescribe medication.NeuropsychologistPh.D. level psychologist who assesses brain processing and functioning. May not be skilled in administering educational tests. In general, does not assess emotional functioning.Licensure required if in private practice in most states.LD- Yes, but may need to obtain educational assessment from educational specialist. ADHD- Yes.PsychometristAssessment specialist. Often found in school systems, forensic settings, or mental health centers.Most states do not license for private practice.LD- Yes. ADHD- In general, no, unless special training.Educational SpecialistAssessment of learning and behavioral problems.Not licensedLD- No. ADHD- No.School CounselorCounseling and help with school problems.Not licensed for private practiceLD- No. ADHD- No.Vocational CounselorEmployment counseling, assessment for employment.Not licensed for private practiceLD- No. ADHD- No.Social WorkerTherapy and counseling for emotional and behavioral problem. Help in finding resources.Licensed in most states for private practice.LD- No. ADHD- No.Speech and Language SpecialistSpecialist diagnosing speech and language problems. These can be a component of a learning disability. Part of a diagnostic team.MA. Private practice and schools. Licensure and certification may be required.LD- No. ADHD- No.Occupational TherapistSpecialist working with motor and visual-motor problems. These can be a component of a learning disability. Part of a diagnostic team.MA. Private practice and in schools. Licensure and certification required in some states.LD- No. ADHD- No.PsychiatristMedical doctor who specializes in the functioning of the mind. Does therapy for emotional and behavioral problems.State medical board certification required.LD- No. ADHD- Yes. Can prescribe medication.PhysicianMedical doctorState medical board certification required.LD- No. ADHD- Yes. Can prescribe medication.*According to the US Department of Education, a medical or clinical diagnosis is not required with ADHD. This means that school psychologists may diagnose for school eligibility purposes if they are appropriately trained and experienced in doing so and if the school has a policy that permits it.
About the AuthorKathleen Ross-Kidder, Ph.D. is the Director of LD OnLine (www.ldonline.org), the interactive guide to learning disabilities for parents, teachers and other professionals, and the leading Web site in its field. LD OnLine is a service of WETA-TV-FM, the public broadcasting station in Washington, D.C. Dr. Ross-Kidder is also a faculty member of the Department of Psychology at The George Washington University, a former teacher in both private and public education and a licensed school psychologist who has worked extensively in public education and private practice helping children with learning disabilities and/or ADHD and their parents.